Reliability and factor structure of the hospital anxiety. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease. Pdf background the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. A confirmatory bifactor analysis of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression. The hads anxiety and depression subscales each consist of seven related items.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads pdf book. A 14item questionnaire with two subscales, researchers have used the subscales separately, or as a composite score to measure or screen for distress, in various fields including oncology, cardiology, psychology and psychiatry, both in research and clinical capacities. The hads is a fourteen item scale that generates ordinal data. Reliability and validity of the hospital anxiety and. Download hospital anxiety and depression scale hads book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Hassan ha, suriya mo, alaseri za, hasan m, khalid n, sheikh sa. We assessed agreement between reported anxiety and depression levels of cancer patients using i single selfreport items and ii the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The instruments studied most widely in a variety of contexts are the general health questionnaire ghq and the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting.
Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. Defining hospital anxiety and depression scale hads structure by confirmatory factor analysis. Introduction the depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads d has been recommended for depression screening in medically ill patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. Dear editor, we read with interest the findings by phan et al. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel.
Regarding the analysis of age on the anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression score hads this questionnaire helps your physician to know how you are feeling. For details of the assessment see appendix c of nice clinical guideline 90 and 91. Depressive symptoms during the previous week are reported on a likert scale ranging from 0 not at all to 3 most of the time. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. The arabic version of hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 20 was selfadministered and was used to estimate the emotional disorder of anxiety and depression. Reliability and validity of the ethiopian version of the. Handling missing items in the hospital anxiety and.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the. Its purpose is to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool for identifying and quantifying depression and anxiety. Here, we evaluate the 7item depression module hads d. Feasibility of using arabic hospital anxiety and depression scale hads to assess anxiety and depression among patients attending accident and emergency at a university hospital. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. Hads is a 14item selfreport screening scale that was originally developed to indicate the possible presence of anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. It seems to be a useful tool for the scrutiny of mood disorders in portuguese patients with ms.
Yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Place an x on the answer that best describes how you have been. A two dimension scale developed to identify depression and anxiety among physically ill patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the hads is an easily applicable and reliable screening test that evaluates the anxiety and depressionstatusofpatients.
Agreement between hads classifications and singleitem. This should be supported by use of a formal rating scale for symptom severity for example, patient health questionnaire phq9, hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. It should be emphasised that selfassessment scales are only valid for screening purposes. Pdf development and validation of arabic version of the. We also explored whether anxiety and depression assessment by i single selfreport items or ii the hads. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and the 9.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was formulated by zigmond and sanith 12 to identify possible or probable anxiety and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric clinical settings. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used questionnaire in health research, but there is little guidance on how to handle missing items. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads gl education. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. The term people who may have depression includes all people with a chronic physical health problem who may have depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, hds page 2 of 4 4 i can laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could 0 not quite so much now 1 definitely not so much now 2 not at all 3 5. Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. Methods the hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of the internal medicine and surgical departments in attikon general hospital in athens. Read online hospital anxiety and depression scale hads book pdf free download link book now. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with. Symptoms and diagnosis of anxiety and depression in atopic.
Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a. Pdf a validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Mental health was assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale anxiety hads. A preliminary psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the amharic ethiopian language version of hads.
I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hads a and a depression subscale hads. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night.
Frontiers symptoms of anxiety and depression in young. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in. Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale scores and va visual analogue scales for anxiety scores were all used to assess the preoperative anxiety in the a, b, ab, and o groups. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used instrument for evaluating psychological distress from anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. Among the most commonly encountered of these conditions are anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 1 was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. The translation and evaluation of an urdu version of the hospital anxiety and depression.
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